University of Idaho Week 4

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The Carbonate System (continued)

Overview
In this week's lectures we will continue learning about the carbonate system. As will normally be the case in this course, the emphasis is on a quantitative understanding of carbonate equilibria, including those involving carbonate minerals. I especially want you to come away from this week's lessons with the ability to calculate solubilities of minerals such a calcite and dolomite. Also, the concepts of the common-ion effect and incongruent dissolution are of particular concern as we will return to these concepts in later weeks.
Objectives
bulletUnderstand sources of CO2 in natural waters.
bulletzDefine and understand alkalinity.
bulletzLearn to calculate the solubility of carbonate minerals such as calcite.
bulletzUnderstand the common-ion effect.
bulletzBecome familiar with the concept of incongruent dissolution.
bulletzApply these concepts to some case studies.
Learning Resources 
Read: Chapter 3 (pp. 44-77) in Kehew (2001)

Additional Questions to consider: Here are some study guide questions to contemplate as you read pages 64-77. You need not turn these in, but after reading the text, you should be able to answer these.

bulletWhat is a karst aquifer?
bulletWhy is the hydrogeology of karst aquifers particularly complex?
bulletWhat is the difference between concentrated and dispersed recharge?
bulletWhat is the difference between conduit and diffuse flow?
bulletCan you define the following terms?: saturated storage, unsaturated storage, dynamic storage, perennial storage.
bulletDifferences in the water chemistry of karst aquifers reflect the interplay between which three factors?
bulletWhich is most likely to attain saturation with calcite, concentrated or dispersed recharge?
bulletWhy is ground water discharging from springs in the Haney Formation commonly undersaturated with calcite?
bulletExplain how calcite-undersaturated waters dissolving limestone in karst aquifers can be adjacent to seeps precipitating calcite in caves.
bulletExplain how the variability of water chemistry can be used to distinguish between a diffuse flow system and a conduit flow system.
bulletWhat does the fact that diffuse and conduit springs in Pennsylvania show the same seasonal variations in partial pressure of CO2 tell us about their access to atmospheric CO2?
bulletExplain why, in the Mammoth Cave, Kentucky study, there was decoupling between discharge, conductance and turbidity/slash fecal coliform bacteria during the storm event.

For each of the Lectures choose the option(s)  that best fits your needs

Lecture 4a  Lecture 4b 
PowerPoint and Audio PowerPoint and Audio
Audio only Audio only
PowerPoint only PowerPoint only
Lecture 4c Lecture 4d
PowerPoint and Audio PowerPoint and Audio
Audio only Audio only
PowerPoint only PowerPoint only

The following is a PDF version of the PowerPoint notes for all Week 4 lectures with annotations. 

PDF version of lecture notes

Solutions to Example Problems in Text
Problems 3 (Ch. 3) Problem 4 (Ch. 3) 
PowerPoint and Audio PowerPoint and Audio
Audio only Audio only
PowerPoint only PowerPoint only*
Problem 5 (Ch.3) *The powerpoint only version of this Problem has been corrected.
PowerPoint and Audio
Audio only
PowerPoint only
The following is a PDF version of the solutions to problems 3-5 in Chapter 3 of Kehew (2001)

Chapter 3 (Problems 3-5) answers

Homework

 

bulletProblems to complete and submit
Homework Answers
bulletSolutions to problems
 
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