tRNA
Transfer RNA plays a critical role in the process of translation. tRNA is the "adaptor" molecule hypothesized by Francis Crick, which mediates recognition of the codon sequence in mRNA and allows its translation into the appropriate amino acid.

Each amino acid (of which there are 20) has a unique tRNA. Before translation, each tRNA is "charged" by an amino-acyl tRNA synthetase enzyme. Each amino acid, but 'not' each codon, has a different aminoacyl tRNA synthetase. Recognition is not mediated primarily by the anticodon, which would require 64 separate tRNA synthetases, but rather by other sites in the tRNA, especially critical sequences near the 3' end of the molecule.