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Glossary
A B C D E F G H I J
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oils
A triglyceride, generally used for energy
storage, that is liquid at room temperature; plants often use oils for energy
storage. |
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oligosaccharides
Short chain carbohydrates consisting of several to up to 20 or so
monosaccharides; often used in cell signaling. |
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operator
The region of a bacterial operon that binds repressor proteins to inhibit
transcription. |
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operon
The genetic unit of prokaryotes, including the promoter, operator, and
structural genes. |
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organ identity genes
Genes of flowering plants involved in the production of the various parts
of the flower. |
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organelle
The term organelle is used to describe any one of a number
of types of subcellular structures, historically identified through the use of
some form of microscopy. These include endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi
apparatus, nucleus, lysosome, peroxisome, vesicle, vacuole.
A few large organelles, the mitochondria and chloroplasts, probably
originated from endosymbiont bacteria.
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osmosis
Osmosis is the diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane from a region of low solute concentration to a region of high solute concentration. The
semi-permeable membrane is permeable to water, but not to the solute, resulting
in a chemical potential difference across the membrane which drives the
diffusion. That is, water flows from the side of the membrane where the solution
is weakest to the side where it is strongest, until the solution on both sides
of the membrane is at the same concentration. |
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oxidative phosphorylation
The production of ATP, using the potential energy of a proton gradient
formed through an electron transport chain. |
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